|
Now read the following extracts with quotations:
[...] For
instance, the fact that 'appearance' and 'acceptability' are
cited and located at the top of the list, while 'ability' is
omitted, gives us clues about the culture of the organisation.
So: 'succesful candidates will be recognised in their preparedness
to defer to "comon sense" and to the accumulated wisdom
of their seniors; to "sell themselves" without implying
that a university degree provides any more than a basis for
further training' (Silverman and Jones:1976, 31).
It follows
that if an adult (A) or an adolescent (B) engages in a category-bound
activity appropriaqte to a child (C) then:
a member
of either A or B who does that activity may be seen to be
degrading himself, and may be said to be 'acting like a child'.
Alternatively, if some candidate activity is proposedly bound
to A, a member of C who does it is subject to be said to be
acting like an A, where the assertion constitutes 'praising'.
(Sacks:1974, 222 quoted by Baker:1984, 302)
A basic
sequence of action in a recognisable interview is a series of
questions and answers (Silverman: 1973). After a question, as
Sacks puts it, 'the other party properly speaks, and properly
offers an anaswer to the question and says no more than that'
(Sacks: 1972,230). However, after the answer has been given,
the questionner can spaek again and can choose to ask
a further question. This chaining rule can provide 'for the
occurrence on an indefinitely long conversation of the form
Q-A-Q-A-Q-A...' (ibid).
Source:
Silverman,
D. (1993). Interpreting Qualitative Data. Methods for Analysing
Talk, Text and Interaction. London: Sage Publications: 62 / 103
/116
|
In the first extract the author uses different quotation marks.
- Do you know the conventional ways of using them? How are they used
here?
In the second extract the author quotes a citation. This is
sometimes called 'referring to an author in another work'.
- Can you suggest reasons for doing so?
Remember that this is not always advisable as the original
meaning of a sentence/ phrase can be altered once it is removed from
its original context. Ideally one should locate the source of the quotation
and read the text around it to ensure the suitability of the source
for your own argument.
The conventional way of citing an author in another
work is:
Include the author, year and page of both texts; first
the one you read about (the other work) and second the one you read
it in. Use the words 'cited in', which means 'mentioned in'.
Other conventions are 'quoted by/in' or the abbreviation 'qtd.
in'. In the reference list or bibliography you only include the
text you read; in the above example Baker would be in the reference
list because that was the text you read.
In the third extract the author uses the abbreviation
ibid.
- When do we use this convention?
There are other abbreviations used in citation terms or
in academic writing, particularly of Latin words: viz., op. cit., passim,
et al, i.e., e.g.
It is important to understand these abbreviations, as
you will see them used in many academic texts:
Exercise
|
3 
